Mango production in Rahim Yar Khan has been significantly impacted by climate change and water shortages, leading to a reduction in yield by up to 45% this year.
The main affected variety is Chaunsa (also known locally as Samar Bahisht), which is highly popular for its sweetness and flavor. Other varieties like Dussehri, Sindhri, and Anwar Ratol have also seen yield drops of around 30%.
Key factors contributing to this decline include:
- Climate change causing abnormal temperature fluctuations in February and March, disrupting the flowering process.
- Weather conditions favoring pest attacks, particularly by thrips and hoppers.
- Shortage of irrigation water affecting orchard health.
- The Iran-Israel war has also halted exports of the Sindhri mango variety to Iran, further impacting the market and prices.
Mango farmers have faced increased production costs, with expenses rising from Rs3 million to Rs4.5 million per orchard, while mango prices have dropped due to export disruptions.
Experts highlight that erratic weather, heatwaves, and pest infestations are major threats to mango production in South Punjab, including Rahim Yar Khan. Initiatives like the Mango Small Tree System under Punjab’s Green Punjab project aim to improve orchard resilience and productivity. Training and workshops are also being organized to help farmers adapt to these challenges.
Additionally, there is a lack of horticulture specialists, grading and packing facilities, and cargo flight services in Rahim Yar Khan, which limits the ability of local farmers to maximize profits compared to exporters in larger cities.
In summary, climate change, water scarcity, pest attacks, and geopolitical factors have combined to severely reduce mango production and export potential in Rahim Yar Khan this season, posing economic challenges for local growers and the region’s mango industry.